Optometry Admission Test (OAT) Practice

What occurs during the action of somatostatin?

1. Increases blood glucose levels

2. Suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin

3. Stimulates insulin production

4. Increases water retention

The correct answer is: Suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin

Somatostatin plays a crucial role in regulating the endocrine system, particularly in the pancreas. It is a peptide hormone that inhibits the release of various other hormones, which is why its primary action includes the suppression of glucagon and insulin secretion. By inhibiting insulin, somatostatin helps maintain blood glucose levels and prevents drastic fluctuations. Additionally, its suppression of glucagon contributes to the overall balance of glucose in the bloodstream, ensuring that when insulin is low, glucagon counteracts this by raising blood glucose levels in a more controlled manner. This inhibitory action is important for homeostasis, as it allows the body to appropriately respond to energy demands and nutrient availability, effectively managing the metabolic state of the body. In clinical settings, abnormalities in somatostatin levels can lead to issues with glucose homeostasis, as excessive somatostatin can lead to hypoglycemia by inhibiting too much insulin. The other choices do not accurately reflect somatostatin's functions. It does not stimulate insulin production, as that would contradict its role as an inhibitor. It also does not directly increase blood glucose levels; rather, it regulates the actions of glucagon and insulin to promote balance. Lastly, while somatostatin can have effects on other hormonal